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T91 / P91 Steel

Designated as UNS K91560, the T91/ P91 steel is a 9Cr-1Mo ferritic alloy steel with deliberate addition of vanadium and niobium, as well as controlled nitrogen content. It has outstanding heat-resistance and creep strength. It also has good resistance to corrosion, oxidation and fatigue rupture at elevated temperatures. The T91/ P91 steel is primarily used for superheater and reheater in power plant boiler construction, headers, main steam pipeline, as well as the heating furnace piping in petrochemical industry. Compared to other austenitic alloy steels, it has better thermal conductivity and thermal expansivity.

ASTM A335 P91 seamless pipes O.D=508 mm, W.T=66 mm.

ASTM A335 P91 seamless pipes I.D=508 mm, W.T=66 mm.

1. Equivalent and Related Standards

Standard/GradeProduct
ASTM A335 P91seamless pipes
ASTM A213 T91seamless tubes
ASTM A387 Gr.91steel plates
ASTM A182 F91forgings(valves, valve parts, flanges, fittings)
ASTM A234 WP91butt-welding pipe fittings
ASTM A200 T91seamless pipes(refinery)
ASTM A336 F91forgings
ASTM A369 FP91forged and bored pipes
NFA 49213, Gr. TUZ 10CDVNb09-01seamless pipes for boiler superheaters & heat exchangers
NFA 49219, Gr. TUZ 10CDVNb09-01seamless pipes for refinery
DIN 17175, X10CrMoVNb9-1heat-resisting seamless pipes
BS 3604-2 Gr. 91ferritic alloy steel for high temperature and high pressure service
BS 3059-2 Gr.91alloy steels for boilers and superheaters
EN 10216-2, X10CrMoVNb9-1seamless pipes for pressure purposes
ASTM A217 C12Acastings
ASTM A691 Gr. 91electric-fusion-welded pipes
*The ASTM & ASME corresponding standards: i.e. ASTM A335 P91 & ASME SA335 P91, ASTM A213 T91 & ASME SA213 T91.

2. Chemical Composition of T91/ P91 Steel

ElementCMnPSSiCrMoOthers
Content, %0.08-0.120.30-0.60≤0.020≤0.0100.20-0.508.00-9.500.85-1.05*
*V:0.18-0.25, N:0.030-0.070, Ni:≤0.040, Al:≤0.020, Cb:0.06-0.10, Ti:≤0.01, Zr:≤0.01.

3. Mechanical Properties of T91/ P91 Steel

StandardGradeYield Strength min.
MPa[ksi]
Tensile Strength min.
MPa[ksi]
Elongation min.
%
Hardness Max.
HB
ASTM A213/ A335T91/ P91415[60]585[85]20250
*The tensile test shall be conducted at room temperature.
*It is 2″ specimen for the test; the elongation shall be longitudinally tested.

4. Physical Properties of P91/ T91 Steel

TemperatureModulus of ElasticityThermal ConductivityLinear ExpansivitySpecific HeatDensity
°C°FGPa103ksiW/mK10-6/°C10-6/°FJ/kg*Kkg/m3
206821831.6260.00.04407770
5012221631.32610.65.9460
10021221330.92710.96.1480
15030221030.52711.16.2490
20039220730.02811.36.3510
25048220329.52811.56.4530
30057219928.92811.76.5550
35066219528.32911.86.6570
40075219027.02912.16.7630
45084218627.02912.16.7630
50093218126.33012.36.8660
550102217525.43012.46.9710
600111216824.43012.67.0770
650120216223.53012.77.1860
*The typical physical properties at different temperatures.

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